Rails are a type of steel profile that consists of three main sides. The middle side of the types of beams is called John, and the other two sides, which are located at the edges, are known as wings.
The height and thickness of the web side can be considered the most important characteristic of the types of beams, which is of great importance for civil engineers, to the extent that they name the types of beams based on the size of this side. For example, the term “18 beam” is used to name the types of beams whose height is equal to 18 cm.
Types of steel beams according to international standards are:
1- IPE: This type of beam is produced according to the standards developed in European countries and has a shape similar to the English letter I. In these steel sections, the thickness of the wings is constant and the height of the blade is greater than the size of the wings. The use of IPE beams in Iran is much more than other types of beams.
2- INP: INP types of beams are made based on the standards developed in China and Russia and are very similar to IPE types of beams.
Even the application of INP and IPE beams is the same. In fact, the only difference between these two types of beams is the thickness of the wings.
In IPE beams, the thickness of the wings is constant and the same throughout the length; If, in INP beams, this wing thickness gradually decreases from the inside to the outside. So that the wing of the beam has the largest thickness in the part attached to the side of the beam and the smallest thickness in the end part.
3- Wide wing or H: In the types of wide wing beams, the size of the wing is larger than the previous two types until it is equal to the size of the side of John.
These arrows have a shape similar to the English letter H and are also known as Hash arrows; But, their abbreviation is IPB.
The weight of types of wide wing beams is more than normal beams and they are generally made in light and heavy categories in terms of weight.
If there is an English letter v next to the IPB mark of the beam, it indicates the heavy weight of the beam, and if the letter L is seen next to it, it means that it is light weight. The use of heavy beams is slightly different from its light type.
4- Honeycomb: Another type of beam is the honeycomb type. Several hexagonal holes of the same size are placed on the beam, which is known by the abbreviation CNP, to reduce its weight.
The production of this type of iron beam is also different and it is made by cutting simple beams lengthwise and rewelding them. This will increase the height and bending strength of the beam. In fact, the honeycomb beam has the same weight as the original beams, despite its higher height and higher strength. It is clear that the application of CNP beam is different from its peers
The size of all kinds of beams
Types of rebars are produced in different sizes according to the specifications set in the standards, and these sizes affect the use of rebars. In the following, we will refer to the size of the types of beams:
– IPE and INP: These two beams, which are very similar in appearance, are produced in the same sizes, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 … up to 60 cm. The use of 12, 14, 16 and 18 size iron beams is more.
– IPB: Hash or IPB types of beams are made in sizes from 10 to 100 cm.
– CNP: The length of the types of honeycomb beams is between 12 and 18 meters and its height is usually 30-80 cm.
It is known that the weight of the types of beams will be different according to its size, which is very important when determining the type of application of the beams.
The use of iron beams
There are different types of beams, each of which is used in a certain part of the building or structure according to its special characteristics. These steel sections generally increase the strength of the structure
Application of IPE beam: One of the types of beam that is widely used in the construction of buildings and structures is IPE beam.
This iron beam is used in columns, trusses, door sills, covering roofs with beams, and they are considered a very suitable option especially for building structures that have a high height.
Application of INP beam: The great appearance similarity of this product with types of IPE beams has made the use of I-shaped beams the same in many cases.
Types of INP and IPE beams with their high strength and strength are used in support trusses, and they are also used in the construction of the main frames of the building. It is worth noting that the most important application of INP beams, just like IPE, is the construction of high-rise structures.
Application of H beam: H beam has a completely different shape from other types of beams, and this has caused it to gain more size and weight and have different applications due to its very high strength.
